被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，是動詞的一種特殊形式。被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也如此。被動語態(tài)的be在一般情況下都是不可以省略的。但是在前置定語修飾的時候或后置的定語從句中是可以省略的。

被動語態(tài)不用be的情況

一、被動語態(tài)不用be的情況

1.前置定語修飾的時候

The broken glass.破碎的杯子。

2.后置的定語從句中省略be動詞

The man() given a praise is my uncle.被表揚(yáng)的那個男人是我的叔叔。

省略的部分是“Which is be”。

二、被動語態(tài)

1.構(gòu)成

（1）助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞

（2）情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞

2.特殊用法

（1）不及物動詞無被動語態(tài)。如：happen, break down, come out......

What will happen in 100 years.

The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

（2）有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。如： write, sell, ride.....

This pen writes well.

This new book sells well.

（3）感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略to的動詞不定式，主動語態(tài)中不帶“to”，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，須加上“to”。

make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.

The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

（4）如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，直接賓語（物）作主語，那么動詞后要用介詞，這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定。

He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.

（5）一些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時，動詞短語應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。

We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.

He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.

The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.