補(bǔ)語(yǔ)主要是由謂語(yǔ)性詞語(yǔ)和數(shù)量短語(yǔ)和介詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。補(bǔ)語(yǔ)一般位于名詞后，用來(lái)作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。例如Mary has long curly black hair. 在本句中，long, curly, black，三個(gè)詞都是修飾成分。

主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

（以下內(nèi)容為口語(yǔ)中可以適用）

它用在系動(dòng)詞后，是句子的一個(gè)基本成分。常用主－系－表結(jié)構(gòu)。（表語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)的，主補(bǔ)是被動(dòng)的）

1.. -- Who broke the vase? 誰(shuí)打碎了花瓶？

-- Me. 我。 （me做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)= It's me.）

2.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was her. 約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗，還真是她。（her做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）

賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

不定式(to do)

Our father will not allow us to play on the str-eet. 父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠！?/p>

We believe him to be guilty. 我們相信他是有罪的。

We made him copy the sentence.我們讓他再說(shuō)一遍。(make+賓語(yǔ)+省略to的不定式)

He is made to copy the sentence.他再說(shuō)了一遍。

名詞

At the meeting we elected him monitor.在會(huì)議上我們選他做班長(zhǎng)。

I name my dog Pit.我叫我的狗Pit。

形容詞

What you said made Xiao Wang angry.你所說(shuō)的使小王很生氣。

I found the classroom empty.我發(fā)現(xiàn)教室里空無(wú)一人。

副詞

Please call the students back at once.請(qǐng)馬上回電話給學(xué)生。

He was seen to take his cap off.他脫下他的帽子。

現(xiàn)在分詞

We hear him singing in the hall.我們聽到他在大廳里唱歌。

I found him lying in bed and sleeping.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在床上，正在睡覺。

過(guò)去分詞

He saw his face reflected in the water.他看見他的臉映照在水里。

I heard it spoken of in the next room.我聽到有人在隔壁房間里說(shuō)起這事。