by的后面要加動(dòng)詞的ing形式，因?yàn)槭莃y是介詞，介詞后面要加名詞、代詞賓格或者動(dòng)名詞形式。by后面接動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候需要用動(dòng)名詞形式，即動(dòng)詞的ing形式，意思是“通過某種方式”。、

by的用法例句

by的后面加動(dòng)詞的ing形式

例句：He gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers.他通過印刷著名作家的作品而獲得了巨大的財(cái)富。

Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. 我們的身體是靠鍛煉強(qiáng)壯的。

He made a living by teaching.他以教書為生。

You can learning English by watching English movies.你可以通過看英語電影來學(xué)習(xí)英語。

by+交通工具，表示憑借、乘坐某種交通工具，在句中作方式狀語

例句： She went to Beijing by air.她乘飛機(jī)去的北京。

I 'm going to Shanghai by train.我打算乘火車去上海。

They went to Qingdao by ship.他們坐輪船去的青島。

by+地點(diǎn)名詞.表方位，意為：“在…旁邊”

They searched the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path.他們搜索了山頂，然后停下來在路邊的一塊大石頭上休息.

by+名詞.可用來表方法、方式、手段等

Workers in big cities usually get paid by the hour.大城市里的工人通常按小時(shí)獲得報(bào)酬。

by用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中

He was praised by the teacher.他受到了老師的表揚(yáng)。

The book was written by Xiaoming.這本書是小明寫的。

by后面也可以接人稱代詞

例句：I learn English by myself.我自學(xué)英語。

by的例句

1. Doctors are complaining about being barraged by drug-company salesmen.

醫(yī)生們抱怨他們疲于應(yīng)付醫(yī)藥公司的銷售人員。

2. He was hand-picked for this job by the Admiral.

他是由海軍上將精心挑選出來擔(dān)任這項(xiàng)工作的。

3. Barry had his nose put out of joint by Lucy's aloof sophistication.

露西的冷淡與世故使得巴里十分不快。

4. Nora was deflowered by a man who worked in a soda-water factory.

在汽水廠工作的一個(gè)男子奪去了諾拉的童貞。

5. You can improve your chances of profit by sensible planning.

你可以通過合理計(jì)劃來提高盈利的機(jī)會(huì)。