The compound structure with serves to express a state or provide background information in a sentence, often functioning as an adverbial of accompaniment, manner, reason, condition, etc. It commonly appears in seven forms: with + noun/pronoun + prepositional phrase (adjective/adverb/noun/done/-ing participle/to do).

Common Forms of the with Compound Structure

1. with + noun/pronoun + prepositional phrase

The man was walking on the street, with a book tucked under his arm.

2. with + noun/pronoun + adjective

Given the weather was so close and stuffy, there's a good chance it would rain soon.

3. with + noun/pronoun + adverb

The square appeared even more beautiful with all the lights switched on.

4. with + noun/pronoun + noun

He departed, leaving his wife in deep sorrow.

5. with + noun/pronoun + done (This structure indicates a passive relationship between the past participle and the noun, signifying a completed action.)

With this problem resolved, neomycin 1 is now produced regularly.

6. with + noun/pronoun + -ing participle (This structure emphasizes that the noun is the doer of the -ing action or that a certain action/state is ongoing.)

He felt more uneasy with the entire class gazing at him.

7. with + noun/pronoun + to do (In this structure, the infinitive and the noun have a passive relationship, indicating an action yet to occur.)

So, with nothing to occupy my afternoon, I embarked on a tour of the bookshops.

The with Compound Structure as an Adverbial

1. Expressing accompanying circumstances

(1) She exited the office, her eyes brimming with tears.

(2) Draped in a national flag, his face was left exposed.

2. Indicating reason

(1) Unable to locate his key, he couldn't access the office.

(2) Due to the change in weather, we postponed the sports meeting.

3. Signifying time

(1) The children started watching TV once their homework was completed.

(2) The meeting concluded after the issue was resolved.

4. Denoting condition

(1) I'd love to watch the new film if time allows.

(2) We'll go on an outing tomorrow if the weather is fine.

5. Showing result

(1) The battle concluded with the enemy's defeat.

(2) They wrapped up the peace talks, having reached agreements.