賓語從句，是名詞性從句的一種。在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語，位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或復(fù)合謂語之后的從句稱為賓語從句。

概念

假如一個(gè)句子作謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語的話，我們把這個(gè)賓語叫做賓語從句。

賓語從句的完整結(jié)構(gòu)是“主句+引導(dǎo)詞+從句”。

Eg: He said that he visit his teacher last year

引導(dǎo)詞

通常引導(dǎo)陳述句的引導(dǎo)詞是“that”

引導(dǎo)一般疑問句的引導(dǎo)詞是“if”和“whether”

引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句的引導(dǎo)詞則是眾多的特殊疑問代詞或疑問副詞, what who when 等。

Eg: He asked me if (whether) I was a teacher.

直接引語變成賓語從句

直接引語：直接引用別人說的話

間接引語：轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)別人說的話

直接引語變成賓語從句，如果冒號(hào)，引號(hào)里是陳述句形式，要用“that”引導(dǎo)，同時(shí)從句中的人稱，時(shí)態(tài)，指示代詞，地點(diǎn)狀語等都要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。

人稱的變化：遵循一主二賓三不變

"一主"是指在直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化。

如：She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go withher.

"二賓"是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱?；虮坏诙朔Q所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱。如：He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then

"三不變"是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱一般不需要變化。

如：Mr Smith said. "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker

時(shí)態(tài)變化（從句的時(shí)態(tài)向前倒一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)）

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)——一般過去時(shí)

一般過去時(shí)——現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)——過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

一般將來時(shí)——過去將來時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)——過去完成時(shí)

過去完成時(shí)——過去完成時(shí)

Eg: She said. "I have lost a pen."

→She said she had lost a pen現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)——過去完成時(shí)

She said. "He will go to see his friend".

→She said he would go to see his friend一般將來時(shí)——過去將來時(shí)

但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化。

1.直接引語是客觀真理。（地球圍著太陽公轉(zhuǎn)，月亮影響潮汐）

"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me.

→ The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。

2.直接引語是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John

where he was going when he met him in the street。

3.直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21,1980。

4.直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。

5.如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有過去時(shí)的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已經(jīng)是過去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，（例：could, should, would, might）不再變。如：

Peter said. "You had better come here today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。

狀語變化

直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)律，時(shí)間狀語由"現(xiàn)在"改為"原來"（例：now變?yōu)閠hen,yesterday變?yōu)?the day before，地點(diǎn)狀語，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語，由"此"改為"彼"（例：this 改為that),

如：He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his

this——that

these——those

now——then

today——that day

yesterday——the day before

yesterday morning——the morning before

the day before yesterday——two days before

tomorrow——the next/follow day

tomorrow evening——the next/follow evening

this week——that week

last week——the week before

here——there

come——go

bring——take

變句型

1.直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：She said, "Our bus will

arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.

2.直接引語如果是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.

"You have finished the homework, haven't you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.

"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" he asked.→He asked me if I went to school by busor by bike.

3.直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應(yīng)該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序）。

She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.

Eg: I don't know whom you should depend on.

4.直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應(yīng)改為"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。

如："Don't make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not tomake any noise. "

Bring me a cup of tea, please," she said.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

5.直接引語如果是以"Let's"開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，通常用"suggest "

如：He said, "Let's go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.

或: He suggested that they should go to see the film.