be about to和be going to的區(qū)別
2022-01-15 11:16:57文/丁雪竹be about to意為“就要、即將干某事”,指最近的將來,表示動作馬上就要發(fā)生。如:on't leave now. We are about to have lunch;be going to意為“即將、打算干某事”,表示對某事事先有準備、有計劃或有打算,也可表示預(yù)計要發(fā)生或不可避免要發(fā)生的事。

be about to和be going to的區(qū)別
be+動詞不定式即be+to do sth
1表示按計劃或安排要做的事
When are you to leave for home?你什么時候回家?
She is to be married next month.她將于下個月結(jié)婚。
The queen is to visit Japan in a week’s time.女王將于一周后訪問日本。
注意:這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可使用于過去時的句子。Was/were to do sth表示曾經(jīng)計劃要做的事,但不表明計劃是否被執(zhí)行,或表示“命中注定要發(fā)生的事),而非計劃;was/were to have done sth表示未曾實現(xiàn)的計劃。如:
I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.
我感到很緊張,因為我很快就要第一次離開家了。
2表示“應(yīng)該”,相當(dāng)于should,ought to 。如:
You are to report to the police.你應(yīng)該報警。
3 表示“必須”,相當(dāng)于must, have to。如
You are to do your homework before you watch TV.看電視之前你得先做完作業(yè)。
4 表示“想,打算”,相當(dāng)于intend, want。 如:
If we are to be there before ten, we’ll have to go now.
如果我們要在十點前到,我們現(xiàn)在就得走。
5 用于第一人稱疑問句,表示征求對方意見。如:
What are we to do next?我們下一步該怎么辦?
6用于否定句,表示禁止,相當(dāng)于mustn’t。 如:
You are not to smoke in the reading room.你不可以在閱覽室吸煙。
7 表示“可以,可能”,相當(dāng)于may,can。如:
The news is to be found in the evening paper.這條消息可以在晚報上見到。
8 were to do sth用于 if或even if/though 從句中,表示對未來假設(shè)。如
If I were to tell you that I passed the exam, would you believe me?
要是我告訴你我及格了,你會相信嗎?
9 be to blame(該受責(zé)備,對某壞事應(yīng)負責(zé)任)和be to let(待出租)兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中,用不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。如:
Which driver is to blame for the accident?這事故是哪個司機的責(zé)任?
10 be going to
1)表示將要發(fā)生的事情或打算最近要進行的動作。如:
It is going to rain soon.快要下雨了。
2)在含有條件狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中,主句一般不用be going to,而常用will(第一人稱用shall)。如
The football match will be put off if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨,足球賽將被推遲舉行。
11 be about to
1)表示即將發(fā)生的動作,在時間上指最近的將來。
The new school year is about to begin. 新學(xué)期開學(xué)在即。
2)在含有be about to的句子中,不能再加時間狀語。如:
錯誤 The medical team is about to start immediately.
正確 The medical team is about to start.醫(yī)療隊就要出發(fā)了。
about 的用法是什么
作副詞
①大約,左右.如:There are about 30 students on the playground.操場上大約有30個學(xué)生.
②將要,將近.如:I’m about ready.我快準備好了.
③到處,各處.如:The children are running about.孩子們到處亂跑.(表示動向)
People are sitting about on the grass.人們在草地的各處坐著.(強調(diào)位置)
作介詞
①在……到處;在……各處.如:He is walking about the town.他在城鎮(zhèn)到處走.
②關(guān)于;對于;有關(guān).如:I am going to read a book about that big city.我要讀一本關(guān)于那個大城市的書.
固定搭配
①be about to do sth.如:We are about to start.我們即將動身.
②what/how about...……怎么樣?(用于詢問信息或征求意見)如:How about going to Canada for our holidays?咱們?nèi)ゼ幽么蠖燃?好嗎?
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